Perivascular cell function during zebrafish heart regeneration
Emory University, Atlanta GA
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Abstract
Project Summary Humans, like all mammals, possess limited natural ability to efficiently replace lost myocardium with new contractile tissue. This deficiency contributes to heart failure, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. By contrast with mammals, teleost fish spontaneously and robustly regenerate new cardiac tissues after heart injury, representing a useful model for heart repair and regeneration. We are interested to understand how regenerative responses to injury have been optimized in non-mammalian vertebrates like zebrafish, to discover new targets that underlie the regenerative deficiencies in mammals. We have investigated the regenerative biology of two major adult cardiac tissues: the myocardium and the epicardium. We found that adult zebrafish can fully regenerate lost myocardium and reverse the signs of heart failure within several weeks. We also found that the epicardium is required for myocardial regeneration and vigorously regenerates after 90% loss of itself, with a base-apex directionality, that is completed in 2 weeks. Currently, we are defining the role of perivascular cells and the mechanism of coronary revascularization during heart regeneration. The major hurdle to study the coronary vasculature is the lack of genetic tools to specifically mark and manipulate its major cellular components: perivascular cells and coronary endothelial cells. In preliminary studies, we employed deep sequencing, in situ hybridization and BAC transgenic technology in search for novel genetic markers specific for these elusive cell types and candidate genes up-regulated after heart injury. We have identified a new transgenic strain to specifically mark perivascular cells, and a novel transgenic strain specifically labels coronary vessels. With bunch of new tools and newly-modified ex vivo system for this proposal, we found that perivascular cells may provide cellular clues for growing vessels during initial formation of the coronary vascularization and that they rapidly accumulate in the sites of cardiac wounds prior to revascularization and regeneration. In this proposal, we will address central questions about the requirements of perivascular cells for myocardial regeneration and coronary revascularization. Our overall hypothesis is that a vigorous perivascular cell response is critical for myocardial regeneration and coronary revascularization. To test this hypothesis, we will: 1) define the requirements of perivascular cells during heart regeneration with new methods of depleting perivascular cells, and characterize the regenerative biology of perivascular cells with lineage-tracing experiments;? 2) define the cardiac regenerative responses to the coronary damage with new genetic injury methods, and perform chemical screens to identify regulators of coronary revascularization;? and 3) define the role of perivascular cells for guiding vessel growth in coronary revascularization during heart regeneration. Our work will generate paradigm-shifting discoveries in perivascular cell and coronary vascular biology. It will reveal the impact of perivascular cells on heart regeneration and key underlying regulators. These findings will inform approaches for comprehending and enhancing the limited regeneration displayed by humans after myocardial infarction (MI).
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