Longitudinal impacts of neighborhood factors on HIV care continuum outcomes among Black PWID in Baltimore, MD
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
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Abstract
Project summary Key goals set forth by the National HIV/AIDS Strategy are to reduce disparities in engagement in HIV care and HIV-related outcomes. Black people who inject drugs have among the lowest rates of retention in HIV care and viral suppression, and this reality during the current era of effective HIV therapy suggests additional strategies are needed to eliminate barriers to achieving these outcomes among this population. Well-documented barriers to retention in HIV care and viral suppression include low income status, homelessness and incarceration. These individual-level barriers do not develop independent of contextual factors, including features of neighborhoods where people reside, however. The goal of the proposed study is to identify new targets for multilevel HIV care and treatment interventions for Black people who inject drugs by determining the temporal impact of previously unexplored neighborhood features on retention in HIV care and viral suppression among Black people who inject drugs, and identifying potential healthcare ?resilience factors? that offset negative impacts of exposures to hazardous neighborhood features, including those less malleable to change. We will combine data from the longest-running cohort of HIV-infected Black people who have histories of injecting drugs in Baltimore, Maryland (The AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience Study) in follow-up for two decades (1997-2017) with administrative data on neighborhood-level features, and will utilize rigorous marginal structural modeling to accomplish the following aims: Aims 1 and 2: Assess longitudinal impacts of exposure to neighborhood features (e.g., neighborhood drug market activity, spatial access to drug treatment and syringe exchange programs, housing affordability, gentrification, etc.) measured at a single point in time and cumulatively on lapses in HIV care and virologic failure among HIV-infected Black people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland. Sub-Aims 1 and 2: Explore whether healthcare factors (e.g., consistent and trustworthy HIV care provider) modify the impact of ?point-in-time? and cumulative exposures to neighborhood features on subsequent lapses in HIV care and virologic failure among HIV-infected Black people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland. The proposed study will advance national priorities by informing the development of an intervention that connects HIV-infected people who inject drugs to community-based programs and social services based on residential history and existing social capital within healthcare systems.
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