Prototyping an ultrasound system for spatiotemporally precise noninvasive neuromodulatory drug uncaging and functional imaging in awake primates
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN
Investigators
Linked publications, trials & patents
Abstract
Project summary Currently, no technology exists that has been specifically designed to allow high precision noninvasive neuromodulation and neuroimaging in awake animals. Ultrasound is an ideal modality to fill this void since it has been used (1) directly for neuromodulation, (2) for functional imaging of cerebral blood flow, and (3) to locally activate drugs. However, many barriers remain before ultrasound is fully developed as an ideal tool for neuroscience. In this proposal, we will create next generation ultrasound methods to allow high precision noninvasive neuromodulation (directly and with novel ultrasound-triggered particles) and functional neuroimaging in awake non-human primates (NHPs). We will develop new procedures to enable placement of a small (<0.3cm3) ultrasound focus at a well-defined location in the brain of an awake NHP. Our developments will overcome limitations of current methods that have limited accuracy or require working within the MR environment which is not compatible with behaving NHPs. We propose multiple innovations that will make focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation compatible with awake NHPs while maintaining mm-scale accuracy. The ultrasound focus will be tuned in a single real-time MRI guidance session using time reversal methods. We will apply this system to target the NHP lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) and hippocampus (HPC), which play key roles for attention and memory functions compromised in many diseases. We will test direct FUS neuromodulation using a sensitive attention and learning paradigm developed by co-PI Womelsdorf. Using the same hardware platform, we will implement functional ultrasound imaging (f-USI), which is an emerging blood flow imaging method that is capable of mapping blood flow similar to functional MRI but is not commercially available. We will implement and optimize f-USI methods for use in cognitive neuroscience studies of prefrontal cortex function in awake, behaving NHPs. Ultrasound is a high bandwidth modality capable of generating multiple gigabytes of data per minute, so this aim will require us to develop software to acquire, reconstruct, and post- process f-USI images. At the completion of our first two aims, we will have a single ultrasound system capable of delivering a small ultrasound focus in a behaving NHPs and imaging cerebral blood flow. We will use this newly developed capability in a third aim to activate neuromodulatory drugs from a particle recently developed by co-PI Airan. These novel nanoparticles carry the anesthetic propofol and are biologically inactive until they undergo a phase transition caused by an ultrasound pulse. When combined with the prototype ultrasound system we are developing, this ?phase-change? or uncaging of the propofol will allow localized delivery of the anesthetic triggered by ultrasound. We will optimize the use of this novel FUS-triggered neuromodulation method to inhibit the HPC and lPFC while NHPs perform a learning task, enabling identification of precise functional contributions of these areas for attentional control and memory. At the completion of the proposed study, we will have developed novel ultrasound methods to modulate and image the awake NHP brain.
View original record on NIH RePORTER →