Deciphering regulatory RNA networks underlying molecular pathology in Alzheimer's disease
Brigham And Women'S Hospital, Boston MA
Investigators
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Abstract
Alzheimer?s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects one in 10 individuals over 65 and nearly half of those over 85. The number of people affected by this disease and the corresponding cost to society is predicted to double within 20 years. To develop effective therapies, new biomedical approaches, concepts, and molecular targets are critically needed. The discovery of novel classes of molecules called non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA) has revolutionized biology and is predicted to have a major impact on medicine. Among them are microRNAs (miRNA), small post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and long ncRNAs (lncRNA) that operate via diverse molecular mechanisms, the classes implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of both miRNA and lncRNA may play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, including in AD. For example, a specific miRNA, miR-132, previously implicated in neuronal development, plasticity, and viability, has recently emerged as the most significantly down- regulated in early stages of AD and associated with the AD pathology, including both amyloid plaques and tau- formed neurofibrillary tangles. Our data indicate that miR-132 protects neurons against disease-related toxins such as Abeta and glutamate. On the other hand, several lncRNAs with unknown functions appear significantly elevated in AD, and we hypothesize their role in tethering the key neuronal miRNAs such as miR-132. We propose, therefore, that miRNA and lncRNA form regulatory networks controlling gene expression in cortical neurons, and that dysregulation of these miRNA-lncRNA networks may contribute to AD pathogenesis. To test our hypothesis, and investigate neuronal functions of top AD-associated lncRNAs (?AD-lncRs?), we propose two Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1 will reveal the complete miRNA interactome in human neurons and its alterations in aging and in the context of disease-causing mutations. Using a combination of functional assays and RNA cross- linking techniques, we will define physiologically important miRNA binding partners, with the focus on both mRNA and lncRNA. Specific Aim 2 will investigate the functions of AD-lncRs and their functional relationships with the key neuronal miRNAs. Using a combination of gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches to modulate AD-lncRs in human neurons, we will examine their effects on miRNA activity and neuronal health. The proposed project promises to yield significant new insights into the regulation of gene expression in AD and may suggest lncRNAs as a novel class of molecular targets for AD therapy.
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