Vascular disease pathogenesis: the interface of smooth muscle and immune cells
Yale University, New Haven CT
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT The overall goal of this proposal is to provide key insights into the excess accumulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that characterizes multiple vascular pathologies. The Greif lab and other groups have shown that pathological remodeling induced in atherosclerosis or hypoxia involves robust clonal expansion of rare SMC progenitors. Herein, we propose to study the macrophage-mediated regulation of SMC progenitors in vascular disease. We recently identified a pool of smooth muscle progenitors that we have termed ?primed? cells (as in primed to muscularize), located at each muscular-unmuscular arteriole border in the lung and with a unique molecular signature expressing SMC markers and the undifferentiated mesenchyme marker platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-?. With hypoxia exposure, one of these progenitors clonally expands giving rise to the vast majority of SMCs that coat the normally unmuscularized distal arteriole. Macrophages accumulate in the lung with hypoxia but their role in the ensuing vascular remodeling is not well understand. Our initial studies demonstrate that macrophages in the hypoxic lung have enhanced levels of hypoxia- inducible factor (HIF)-? and the ligand platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B. Furthermore, we demonstrate that deletion of Pdgfb with two independent knock-in mice (LysM-Cre or Csf1r-CreER), which induce recombination in macrophages/monocytes, attenuates hypoxia-induced distal arteriole muscularization. Additionally, macrophage depletion inhibits pathological vascular remodeling. We hypothesize that lung macrophage HIF-? is required cell autonomously for hypoxia-induced PDGF-B expression, and macrophage-derived PDGF-B is critical for primed SMC proliferation and dedifferentiation in pulmonary vascular remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we will utilize transgenic mice, primed cells and macrophage subpopulations isolated from the mouse lung as well as human monocytes and pulmonary artery SMCs. We have carefully assembled a group of top-notch collaborators with diverse expertise, ranging from macrophages in vascular and lung diseases to bioengineering of nanoparticles, which will facilitate bringing the proposal to fruition. This proposal specifically aims to: 1) elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying macrophage-derived PDGF-B induction of distal pulmonary arteriole muscularization in hypoxia;? 2) assess role of specific macrophage populations in hypoxia/PDGFB-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling;? and 3) determine the role of macrophage HIF-? in hypoxia-induced PDGF-B expression and in PDGF-B- mediated distal muscularization. In sum, the proposed studies will yield fundamental insights into the role of macrophage-SMC progenitor interactions in vascular disease and thereby suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
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