Genetic modulators of 3-NP neurotoxicity
University Of Tennessee Health Sci Ctr, Memphis TN
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Abstract
3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a well-documented naturally occurring potent neurotoxin produced by certain plants and fungi causing livestock as well as human poisonings. 3-NP irreversibly inhibits succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), the main constituent of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, leading to impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuronal cell death, predominantly in the striatum. In recent years, a new generation of fungicides that act via inhibition of mitochondria complex II succinate dehydrogenase has been introduced into the markets. Although occupational exposure or general consumption of either livestock, raw produce, or processed food contaminated with inhibitors of SDH may not pose a serious health risk to healthy individuals, even low amounts might influence the clinical and pathological manifestation in individuals already predisposed to neurodegenerative diseases where mitochondrial function is compromised. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the aging brain as well as in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including the alpha-synucleopathies Multiple System Atrophy and Parkinson?s Disease, the polyglutamine disorders Huntington?s Disease and Machado-Joseph Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Alzheimer?s Disease. Both environmental factors and genetic modifiers are thought to play essential roles in these and other neurodegenerative disorders. The long-term objective of this work is to identify genetic modifiers of 3-NP neurotoxicity using inbred BXD mice for the mapping of loci that contribute to susceptibility or resistance to 3- NP-induced neuronal cell death. Our preliminary data indicate that the parental strain C57BL/6J is susceptible whereas DBA/2J is resistant to 3-NP-induced neuronal injury, justifying the use of BXDs for our purposes. Identifying genetic pathways that provide neuroprotection to 3-NP will be invaluable for uncovering potential genetic modulators of 3-NP neurotoxicity, shedding light on mechanisms of susceptibility associated with exposure to this neurotoxin. In addition, our findings will provide further understanding of the disease processes in neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondria dysfunction, and lead to new lines of research on prevention and therapeutics.
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