Metabolic dependency reveals an Achilles' heel for obligate intracellular pathogens
University Of California Berkeley, Berkeley CA
Investigators
Linked publications & trials
Abstract
Project Summary & Abstract Obligate intracellular parasites, which include viruses as well as certain bacteria and eukaryotes, require a host cell for growth. They also have the unique phenomena of undergoing reductive genome evolution as a result of their parasitic lifestyle, stealing many essential nutrients and metabolites from their host. As a consequence, these pathogens no longer contain the genes and pathways to synthesize their own nutrients or metabolites, revealing an absolute dependence and vulnerability of their existence on host systems. Gram-negative bacteria of the order Rickettsiales are comprised of a diverse group of organisms that all share a common obligate intracellular lifestyle and are associated with human diseases such as epidemic typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. We discovered that members of the Rickettsia genera lack the biosynthetic pathway to produce essential isoprenoid precursors that are used to make a cell wall and components required for oxidative phosphorylation. Yet, they maintain enzymes for isoprenoid conversion and utilization, suggesting they scavenge isoprenoid precursors directly from the host. The essentiality of isoprenoid biosynthesis to bacterial survival, coupled with the predicted dependence of these obligate pathogens on host isoprenoids, suggests an exploitable weakness of these metabolic parasites. My preliminary studies suggest that Rickettsia species have rewired their isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways in order to scavenge host isoprenoids. Here I propose a series of experiments to detail this genetic rewiring of an essential biosynthetic pathway and to determine whether this metabolic dependency exposes an unexplored target for antibiotic therapeutics. First, I will characterize the morphological and physiological effects of isoprenoid depletion in Aim 1. Then, to implicate the host cell as the source of bacterial isoprenoids, in Aim 2, I will inhibit the host isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with statins and determine the effect of Rickettsial growth with wild type R. parkeri compared to a mutant impaired in isoprenoid utilization. Then, to identify bacterial components that mediate isoprenoid scavenging from the host, in Aim 3, I will perform targeted gene disruptions of putative isoprenoid transporters to determine the effect on isoprenoid import into the bacterial cell and additionally, I will take an unbiased approach to identify additional factors that mediate isoprenoid utilization and transport. The ultimate goal of this project is to detail the genetic rewiring of a pathogen's metabolic pathway. However, the conclusions and techniques developed from this study will be critical in the discovery of species-specific chemical therapeutics that interrupt metabolic parasitism by a pathogen. The results of this study will open avenues to new methods of antibiotic drug discovery for diseases of obligate intracellular pathogens including Plasmodium, Chlamydia, and Toxoplasma.
View original record on NIH RePORTER →