Immune correlates of HAART-mediated spontaneous control of chronic HCV infection
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
Investigators
Abstract
Individuals infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) will either clear their infection (become HCV RNA negative) or develop persistent infection within the first two years of infection. HIV infection leads to immune dysfunction and is manifested in decrease rates of spontaneous control of HCV infection in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals. Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) effectively suppress HIV replication resulting in immune reconstitution which may affect spontaneous control of HCV infection. A few case reports and our preliminary data demonstrate that spontaneous control of HCV infection can occur in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals chronicially infected with HCV for up to 21 years following effective HAART (HIV RNA > 40 copies/ml). Thus, we propose to determine the probability of spontaneous control of chronic HCV infection following effective HAART and identify associated immune correlates. In our study, we will investigate HAART-mediated spontaneous HCV clearance using three large HIV cohorts: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Women?s Interagency HIV Study, and AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience study. Comprehensive HCV virological testing will be used to accurately identify spontaneous clearance events. We expect to observe spontaneous control of HCV viremia in at least 15% of HIV/HCV coinfected subjects following effective HAART. Pre-HAART, post-HAART and post-HCV clearance samples from case (Clearance) subjects and time-matched specimens from matched control (Chronic) subjects will be selected for further analysis. Host factors will be assessed for their association with HAART-mediated spontaneous control of chronic HCV infection. In Aim 2, HCV-specific T cell responses in case and control PBMC specimens will be assessed using ELISpot analysis. We expect that the breadth (# of positive peptide pools) and magnitude (# of spot forming colonies) of HCV-specific T cell responses will be greater in cases compared to controls. In Aim 3, HCV-specific neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses will be measured using a library of HCV pseudoparticles. We expect to demonstrate an increased breadth (# of HCVpp neutralized) and magnitude (titer) in cases compared to controls. With successful completion of this study we will begin to understand immune processes that are restored by HAART and also important in control of HCV infection. Identification of immune correlates associated with HAART-mediated spontaneous HCV clearance will lead to further clinical and basic science investigations into HIV suppression of HCV immune responses and may highlight potential targets for development of an HCV vaccine.
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