Smartphone based detection and intervention for hearing loss in low and middle income countries
Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati OH
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Abstract
Developing countries (LMICs) have the world?s highest prevalence of disabling hearing loss, but hearing health care services are often unavailable, sparse and sporadic. A solution to this need- supply mismatch may be the increasing penetration of smartphones that we hypothesize are capable of delivering a self-contained solution to the most common forms of disabling hearing loss. In the Republic of South Africa (RSA), for example, nearly 80% of the population have access to a smartphone. On World Hearing Day this year, a national, free hearing test in the form of a smartphone app (hearZA) was launched in RSA with >7000 tests taken in the first week. HearZA delivers a digits-in-noise (DIN) test binaurally in just 3 minutes that has been validated against ?better-ear? conventional audiometry (sensitivity, specificity both > 90%). The app allows those failing the test to request a contact from their closest audiologist. DIN tests provide successive speech streams of three digits (0-9) adaptively delivered against a broad- band (?white?) noise. They are reliable and may be self-administered without a sound booth by entering the digits heard on the smartphone keypad. The purpose of the proposed research is to develop further functions for hearZA enabling enhanced assessment, advice, and a simulation of the benefit that amplification could provide ? all on the same smartphone. The aims of the research are (i) to improve detection of hearing loss, including unilateral hearing loss, without increasing test time. This will be achieved using interaurally antiphasic digit stimuli;? (ii) to increase sensitivity to hearing loss using high pass noise filtering, and to introduce monaural, follow-up testing;? (iii) to support referral by adding a short questionnaire and uptake of interventions using an in-app decision-support tool;? and (iv) to determine the benefit of carefully selected simulations of amplification and noise reduction available as smartphone ?personal sound amplification? apps. Benefit will be determined using both objective tests of hearing in noise and patient-centered benefit assessment. Multinomial regression modeling will relate results across the aims. The success of hearZA demonstrates the resources available in RSA to make this proposal work. Although applicable worldwide to all smartphone users, this approach is uniquely suited to LMICs because of the lack of alternatives. Collaboration with other LMICs in Africa and elsewhere is already underway.
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