Identification of a novel resistance gene for demyelinating disease
Drexel University, Philadelphia PA
Investigators
Abstract
Summary MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by myelin loss, varying degrees of axonal damage, and progressive neurological dysfunction. It is the most common disabling neurologic disease of young adults and adolescents, affecting 2.3 million individuals worldwide. Despite a large number of disease modifying therapies (DMT) that have shown great promise in the clinical setting, a recent meta?analysis of standardized mortality ratios in Northern European and Canadian cohorts concluded that the ~two?fold excess mortality in people with MS relative to the general population has remained unchanged for decades. It is hoped that longer usage of more modern DMTs will improve those values over time, and that more modern genetic studies of MS will point to new specific targets for intervention. However, to do so, researchers must clearly delineate the genes involved in pathology and interpret their action in a way that is useful. The study of MS genes is still in early stages. The broad, long?term objective of our high risk/high gain proposal is to enhance knowledge of the genetic control of autoimmunity and demyelination in the human disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). We use animal models tested for EAE (experimental allergic encephalitis) to dissect genetic pathways that contribute to pathogenesis and understand mechanisms that might be good targets for new therapies. While we know quite a bit about autoimmunity in this disease, MS is still incurable. We believe that more emphasis in translating ?natural? resistance to demyelinating disease, such as that observed in inbred mouse strains, will be useful. For example, it could be efficacious to stimulate specific regulatory T cells in an MS patient that has a deficit of them. We have discovered one inbred consomic mouse strain that shows extreme, non?sex?specific EAE?resistance that may naturally use this way of resisting disease. The only genetic information conveying EAE?resistance from the parental strain (PWD) to the background strain (B6) is on chromosome 10. This interval has now been reduced to a small enough region to conduct positional cloning for gene identification. What is interesting about these consomic mice is that their EAE?resistance segregates with lower expression of IL?17 and Timp3, and with higher numbers of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, possibly due to their characteristically poor APC function. That these mice do this naturally indicates the possibility of translating their EAE?resistance pathway for the benefit of MS patients. Our goals are to select EAE?resistant mice from those bearing increasingly reduced intervals; to compare gene expression in their cells compared to susceptible B6 mice under conditions of stimulation in vitro; and to test if one of the excellent candidate genes in the reduced interval is necessary for their EAE resistance using knockout mice. In so doing, we propose to find a gene and pathway that is homologous to an MS?gene/pathway that is targetable for novel MS therapies.
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