REPROGRAMMING BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN PROTEASES THROUGH CONTINUOUSEVOLUTION AS A STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPING SELECTIVE INTRACELLULAR THERAPIES
Broad Institute, Inc., Cambridge MA
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY Over the last few decades, the medical community has witnessed a remarkable shift in the composition of pharmaceutical therapies from traditional small molecules to biomacromolecules. Despite their tremendous success, macromolecular therapies have been limited almost exclusively to extracellular targets due to the significant challenge of their controllable delivery into the cytoplasm. To overcome this critical barrier in expanding the scope of macromolecuar therapy, naturally occurring self-deliverable protein systems such as the Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) offer an attractive solution. These protein complexes recognize cholinergic neurons, and promote the translocation of the active toxin component, the BoNT LC protease, into the cytosol where it deactivates the cellular machinery responsible for membrane fusion events through proteolysis. While potent, BoNT LC proteases are highly specific catalysts, and generally only recognize a single substrate. Efforts to reprogram the activity of BoNT LC proteases have met with limited success, and the inaccessibility of new intracellular targets for BoNT LC proteases remains the primary barrier in extending BoNT-derived therapeutic strategies. Recently, phage assisted continuous evolution (PACE) has emerged as a powerful tool for the rapid evolution of novel activity, and has been applied to the exploration of the mechanisms by which viral proteases develop resistance to inhibitors, and to evolving new substrate activities in viral proteases. This work will extend the PACE strategy to reprogram the BoNT F LC protease to cleave novel target sequences, and will be applied to the intracellular proteolytic deactivation of the therapeutically relevant SNARE protein VAMP7. With this in mind, the goals of this proposal are: (1) adapt the current protease PACE platform for use with BoNT LC proteases and evolve a BoNT LC protease to selectively cleave the SNARE protein VAMP7;? (2) develop a PACE negative selection and apply this selection to evolve BoNT LC proteases that cleave VAMP7 with high specificity;? (3) characterize in depth the activity, specificity, and potential therapeutic relevance of the evolved proteases. This work will provide a strong foundation upon which future catalytic intracellular protease therapies can be based.
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