Importance of Immunogenic salivary glycans in eliciting resistance to ticks
Yale University, New Haven CT
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the deer tick, is the predominant tick vector of several human pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent and transmits the harbored pathogens to the host during feeding. Vaccines against these tick-borne pathogens are not available. This proposal will examine a new paradigm that suggests a critical role for tick salivary glycans in provoking immune responses in the host critical to thwart tick feeding. This study will set the tone for the development of tick salivary glycan-based vaccines to block tick feeding and prevent transmission of multiple tick-transmitted pathogens to the host. William Trager?s seminal observation showed that repeated tick infestations of non-permissive hosts such as guinea pigs and rabbits provoke a brisk humoral immune response directed against critical tick salivary components that results in thwarting tick feeding ? a phenomenon referred to as acquired tick-resistance. Our initial observations demonstrate that glycosylations on secreted tick salivary proteins play a significant role in eliciting tick-resistance in guinea pigs. Glycans or carbohydrates decorations present on several tick salivary proteins likely maintain the structure and function of the protein. These glycan decorations potentially serve as ?vector-associated-molecular patterns? (VAMPs) and elicit glycan-specific immune responses that result in tick rejection. To develop this concept and to determine the role of tick salivary glycans in the context of tick-host interactions we will: A. Identify immunogenic salivary glycans targeted by tick-resistant guinea pig sera. B. Identify salivary glycoproteins that contain immunogenic glycans. C. Determine if immunization of guinea pigs with the glycans or glycoproteins might provoke tick- resistance and consequently thwart tick feeding and prevent pathogen transmission. We will use B. burgdorferi as an example of a tick-transmitted pathogen. The results of this effort will illuminate a new facet of tick salivary proteins ? the glycans that decorate the proteins and the role of these glycans in modulating host immunity and offer new approaches to impair tick feeding and prevent pathogen transmission.
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