Maintenance of Gene Expression
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
Investigators
Linked publications & trials
Abstract
Summary/Abstract: For humans to properly develop, the fertilized egg must divide in a manner that eventually results in a body that has all of the correct organs and appendages in all of the correct places. Much of this is determined by the proper temporal and spatial regulation of master regulatory genes that guide formation of the differentiated cells that make up organs and appendages. A key aspect of this developmental process is the ability to maintain master regulatory genes in a repressed state in cells where their expression might cause inappropriate cell behavior. It is known that misexpression of even a single master regulatory gene, such as those encoded in the HOX loci, can result in a cell behaving in a manner incompatible with its body location and tissue type. The Polycomb-??Group (PcG) group of genes is largely responsible for maintaining this repression, based upon intensive study of this group over the past 70 years. This application describes the continuation of our work on understanding the function of the proteins encoded by the PcG genes. These proteins form several complexes. The focus of this application is Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), the main ?engine? of repression in the Polycomb-??Group. PRC1 is known to interact with chromatin, the structure that packages genes in the nucleus of cells. Chromatin structure can render the enclosed DNA inaccessible to activating factors. A prominent hypothesis in the field has been that repression can be generated by generating highly packaged DNA that is no longer able to be transcribed and expressed. We will investigate the role that PRC1 has in generating packaged chromatin in the first two Aims. We will investigate how long non-??coding RNAs interface with PRC1 to regulate its function in the third Aim. Specifically, in Aim 1 we will study the known ability of PRC1 to interact with nucleosomes, the primary building block of chromatin, to form them into a compacted structure. We will test the hypothesis that compaction is essential to function by analyzing the developmental phenotypes, in mice, of mutations that impede the ability of PRC1 to form compacted structures. In Aim 2 we will investigate the ability of PRC1 to generate higher-??order structures (on the scale of 100 kb of DNA) that are compacted as visualized by super resolution microscopy and by chromatin conformation capture. Aim 3 characterizes the ability of PRC1 complexes to bind to lncRNA in vitro. We will also develop technologies to map the location of lncRNA binding to chromatin in cells. We will then compare the impact of specific mutations in lncRNAs and in PRC1 on function to test the hypothesis that specific interactions between PRC1 and lncRNAs are needed for proper function of the PcG system.
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