Enzyme and Pathway Engineering for in vivo Production of Anticancer Noscapine Derivatives
Stanford University, Stanford CA
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY Current cancer chemotherapeutics typically cause significant negative side effects;? novel chemotherapeutics without such side effects are therefore highly sought after. The benzylisoquinoline alkaloid noscapine, which has a long history of safe clinical use as an antitussive, is currently being investigated for anticancer properties with far fewer side effects than current chemotherapeutics and has been prescribed off-label for this purpose. Use of noscapine as a cancer chemotherapeutic is hindered by low potency, but synthetic derivatives of noscapine (noscapinoids), especially halogenated derivatives, have demonstrated significantly improved activities. However, only a limited set of derivatives can be readily produced synthetically, and further improved derivatives may still exist to be explored. Recently, engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of biosynthesizing noscapine have been developed, and this biosynthetic pathway could be expanded via additional enzymes in order to provide ready access to noscapinoids, both those currently under investigation as well as novel, potentially improved derivatives. While halogenating enzymes (halogenases) exist in nature, no such halogenases are known to functionalize noscapine or related compounds. In this work I will utilize protein engineering in order to generate engineered halogenases capable of functionalizing noscapine to directly furnish halonoscapinoids. I will also engineer enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of noscapine to expand their substrate scopes to allow incorporation of derivatized substrates to afford access to an additional range of noscapinoids not available via chemical or enzymatic synthesis. I will then perform pathway engineering to combine these engineered enzymes with the heterologous noscapine biosynthetic pathway in order to generate high value noscapinoids for biological characterization. This will ultimately furnish biosynthetic routes to a range of noscapinoids with potential anticancer activity and will demonstrate the utility of combining protein engineering with synthetic biology for novel drug development via combinatorial biosynthesis. In addition, this proposal will allow me to apply and expand the skills I developed in protein engineering during my graduate work while receiving training from my mentor and coworkers in pathway engineering and synthetic biology in yeast.
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