A Peripheral Route for Gut to Brain Propagation of Pathologic Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease
California Institute Of Technology, Pasadena CA
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY The aggregation and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) fibrils results in histopathological inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites and is observed in several neurodegenerative disorders. In Parkinson?s disease (PD), this culminates in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and severe motor impairment. Emerging findings suggest that PD may have a prodromal phase characterized by non- motor symptoms such as gastrointestinal disturbances. Thus, it is hypothesized that pathologic aSyn might first accumulate in peripheral tissue before propagating to the brain where it precipitates PD pathology. This is supported by research that shows that aSyn fibrils are capable of interneuronal transport and can seed the formation of additional fibrils from endogenous aSyn. The goal of this proposal is to provide me with training in advanced techniques to interrogate peripheral nervous systems in mice. I will use these techniques to test the hypothesis that pathologic aSyn propagates from enteric neurons in the gut to the brain via the vagus nerve in an age- and activity-dependent manner, eventually damaging the dopaminergic system that coordinates movement. To visualize aSyn fibrils, enteric populations, and nerve tracts in high resolution, I will use the CLARITY tissue clearing method developed in our lab that renders whole organs and organisms optically transparent and macromolecule permeable. I will also use novel quantitative measures to analyze large three-dimensional datasets. I will use a novel adeno associated virus capsid that has increased affinity for peripheral neurons to deliver constructs to neurons and nerves in the enteric nervous system. I will use whole cell patch clamp recordings to determine the effect of aSyn fibrils on enteric neuron electrophysiology and neurotransmission. Lastly, I will use optogenetics to explore an activity-dependent mechanism of aSyn uptake and release. Upon completion, the experiments detailed in this proposal will contribute to our understanding of pathologic aSyn formation in the gut and their propagation to the brain, and will be key in developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PD.
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