Functional circuitry supporting PTSD-like symptoms in male and female mice
Scripps Florida, Jupiter FL
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY PTSD is a stress-induced disorder characterized by a cluster of symptoms, including persistent, extinction- resistant memory. Behavior modification, such as exposure therapy, and pharmaceuticals have had limited success in treating PTSD, with outcomes ranging from unresponsive to an exacerbation of symptoms. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop improved therapeutics. However, therapeutic development cannot progress without a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie PTSD. To address this gap, a novel mouse model of PTSD employing stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) will be used. This model has high face and construct validity, with a subgroup of males from the inbred C57BL/6J mouse line displaying several PTSD-like features, including (1) extinction deficits, (2) fear generalization, (3) heterogeneous response to stress, such that ?resilient? and ?susceptible? phenotypes develop within the same SEFL treated group, (4) persistence of the traumatic memory for more than 30 days, and (5) exaggerated startle reflex. Consistent with the human literature on PTSD, these mice also show altered Fos activation in two PTSD-associated brain regions;? hypoactivation of the infralimbic cortex (IL) and hyperactivation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) with remote memory retrieval. It is well established that the BLA and IL, which are reciprocally connected, play a vital role in the regulation of fear memories. Therefore, the central hypothesis of this proposal is that altered communication between the BLA and IL underlies the persistent, extinction-resistant fear memories present in mice trained in this SEFL model of PTSD. Given that women are twice as likely to develop PTSD, it is imperative that animal models be used that effectively recapitulate the disorder in both sexes. Therefore, in the first aim, the SEFL protocol will be validated in females using a series of behavioral and physiological tests, with the goal of identifying a protocol that produces interindividual variability in stress susceptibility, as is the case in males. The working hypothesis for this aim is that SEFL will produce a PSTD-like phenotype in a subgroup of female mice. In the second aim, the SEFL paradigm will be applied to both sexes to interrogate the neurocircuitry that supports the persistence of extinction-resistant fear memories. The working hypothesis is that dysregulation of cell type-specific BLA inputs onto the IL support stress-enhanced, extinction-resistant fear memories. To assess the functional importance of the IL to extinction of PTSD-like memories, following identification of the cellular identity of activated neurons in the IL and BLA, a chemogenetic approach will be employed to determine the functional effect of manipulating this region?s activity on fear memory expression following SEFL training. Activity of monosynaptic, cell type-specific IL inputs will then be identified using modified rabies virus. This proposal is expected to greatly expand our knowledge of the neurobiology supporting PTSD-like memories.
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