Imaging Synaptic Density in the Cocaine-Addicted Brain In Vivo using 11C UCB J PET
Yale University, New Haven CT
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Abstract
Project Summary A major goal of modern addiction research is to understand the neural adaptations that underlie the chronic, maladaptive and, for many, treatment-?refractory behaviors produced by drugs of abuse, including cocaine. Considerable optimism exists in this regard, as powerful preclinical tools and well-?established animal models have resulted in dramatic advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cocaine-? related plasticity [1]. Nonetheless, a considerable gap remains in the clinical-?translational testing and validation of such preclinical findings in human cocaine addiction. In seminal preclinical studies nearly 20 years ago, Robinson & Kolb [2, 3] demonstrated enduring increases in synaptic (i.e., dendritic spine) density in both the nucleus accumbens [NAc] and medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]) of rodents following behaviorally sensitizing regimens of cocaine. Their findings were compelling and suggested an important pathophysiological mechanism ? aberrant structural synaptic plasticity ? whereby cocaine might produce the chronic, recalcitrant behaviors (e.g., craving, compulsive use, and relapse) so seemingly ?hard-? wired? in those suffering from the disorder. Our group has developed a novel radiotracer, 11C-?UCB-?J, for imaging synaptic density in the living human brain using positron-?emission tomography (PET) [62, 63]. Thus, the current Cutting Edge Basic Research Award (CEBRA)/R21 application seeks to apply this breakthrough methodology to explore whether observations of increased synaptic density in the NAc and mPFC of rodents are recapitulated in cocaine dependent (CD) humans. If achieved, the current study would have a major impact, providing powerful clinical-?translational support for aberrant brain structure at the synaptic level, setting the stage for future studies of the relationship of such aberrant synaptic density to withdrawal/abstinence, cocaine-?related behavior and clinical outcome.
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