Reversible regulation of ribosome recycling by Ser/Thr phosphorylation
Columbia University Health Sciences, New York NY
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Abstract
Project Summary Bacterial pathogens can persist over the life time of their host in a growth restricted, dormant state. Pathogens like Clostridium difficile, that can survive as spores are especially resistant to antibiotics. C. difficile is estimated to cost the US healthcare system more than one billion dollars per year. Understanding how bacteria regulate dormancy is essential to our ability to treat these kinds of infection. To become quiescent, cells must shut down protein synthesis. Post-translational modifications of factors involved in translation are likely to play a role in this regulation. The proposed work aims to determine the role of elongation factor G (EF-G) phosphorylation in regulating ribosome recycling during dormancy. EF-G is stably phosphorylated in regions that interact with ribosome recycling factor (RRF) during stationary phase in many bacteria. EF-G is also known to be stably phosphorylated in the model spore-former Bacillus subtilis. Using biochemical approaches, we will investigate the effects of these conserved modifications on ribosome recycling, and on the GTPase activity of EF-G. The role of EF-G in the recycling of ribosomes sequestered by hibernation factors will also be determined. Using single molecule fluorescence energy transfer (smFRET) approaches, we will investigate the short-lived interactions of P~EF-G with RRF on individual ribosomes that have terminated translation. Finally, since little is known about how translation is inhibited in spores we will profile the association of ribosomal subunits and their activity over the course of spore development and as the spore germinates. We will also identify phosphosites on EF-G in the spore and determine the effects of these modifications on the recycling and elongation activity of EF-G in vitro. These studies will impact our understanding of ribosome recycling and how phosphorylation can be used to regulate dormancy.
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