ApoE: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Neuronal Viability
Brigham And Women'S Hospital, Boston MA
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and is also associated with poor outcome after traumatic brain injury. ApoE is commonly expressed in astrocytes, entering neurons via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Neurons also express ApoE in times of injury and stress where it contributes to a neurotoxic cascade that eventually leads to neurodegeneration. Despite our growing understanding of other proteins in the pathogenesis of AD, the mechanisms by which ApoE4 contributes to neurotoxicity are not well understood. Recent advances in Drosophila genetics now allow us to assess the contributions of ApoE cellular source to neurodegeneration and behavior through independent manipulation of glial and neuronal expression. Preliminary data suggest that neuronal ApoE expression induces an ApoE4 isoform-specific neurodegeneration in our Drosophila tauopathy model. Additionally, ApoE4 expression causes cytoskeletal and mitochondrial abnormalities in adult Drosophila brain. Based on these results, we hypothesize that ApoE4 neurotoxicity is controlled through its cellular source and ability to stabilize actin and impair mitochondrial dyanmics. Through the use of genetic tools in Drosophila and examination of postmortem human tissue, our proposal aims to 1) compare neurodegeneration from neuronal vs. glial ApoE expression, 2) investigate actin stabilization and mitochondrial abnormalities in ApoE4-specific neurodegeneration, and 3) examine these same changes in ApoE4-positive human AD tissue. Based on previous work from our lab defining the importance of cytoskeletal stabilization and mitochondrial dysfunction in degenerative tauopathy models, we are confident that these preliminary data provide a novel mechanistic insight into ApoE4-mediated neurodegeneration. These studies will highlight both the cellular and molecular roles of its toxicity to fill fundamental gaps in our understanding of this important AD player. My proposal also takes advantage of a variety of experimental approaches, including genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, and human neuropathology. Finally, these goals and approaches will expose me to new research questions and techniques to complement my previous training and prepare me for independence as I move forward in my career.
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