Autonomic Sensory Innervation of the Pancreatic Islet of Langerhans
University Of Miami School Of Medicine, Coral Gables FL
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The pancreatic islet, a major regulator of glucose metabolism, receives a rich sensory innervation. Sensory innervation of visceral organs is an important component for proper maintenance of body homeostasis. Visceral stimuli are detected by free nerve endings of the vagus nerve and are transmitted to the hindbrain via sensory neurons. A new therapeutic approach of vagus nerve blockade is under clinical trial for treatment of morbid obesity. Vagal nerve stimulation is further used to treat schizophrenia and depression. However, the signals that activate vagal sensory neurons in the pancreatic islet and how they affect glucose metabolism are not known. The long-term goal of this research project is to understand the contribution of sensory innervation to islet function and glucose metabolism. The objective of this application is to identify and characterize the molecular and functional features of vagal sensory neurons innervating the islet and their effects on islet function. The hypothesis is that vagal sensory neurons innervating the pancreatic islet (1) transmit chemosensory inflammatory information from the islet to autonomic centers in the brain and (2) inflammatory processes in the islet influence excitability of sensory neurons. We propose that excessive activation of the vagus nerve promotes islet inflammation and leads to dysregulation of glucose metabolism, an unwanted side effect of vagal nerve stimulation therapy that should be strictly avoided. The rationale for the proposed research is that the results will contribute a missing, fundamental element of basic knowledge, without which the contribution of visceral sensory innervation to glucose metabolism cannot be understood. The findings will also have clinical implications for the therapeutic treatment that involves vagus nerve stimulation or blockade. The proposed research is therefore relevant to the mission of the NIH that pertains to the pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems. Guided by preliminary data, I will test my hypothesis by pursuing two specific aims: (1) To identify the molecular expression profile of vagal sensory neurons that innervate the pancreatic islet and (2) to identify the response profile of vagal sensory neurons under normal physiological and inflammatory conditions. Under the first aim, I will identify the molecular markers for the islet-specific vagal sensory neurons by using single cell mRNA analysis with Fluidigm technology. Under the second aim, I will identify what stimuli activate islet-specific sensory neurons using in situ Ca2+ imaging of nodose and dorsal root ganglia explants and of living pancreatic slices. The proposed research is significant because it will provide insight into pancreatic sensory innervation and its contribution to glucose metabolism.
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