Transcriptional regulation by the CaMKK2/AMPK/SRC-3 signaling pathway in NAFLD
Baylor College Of Medicine, Houston TX
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Abstract
Project Summary/Abstract Chronic nutritional overload imposes stress on the liver that promotes hepatic steatosis, leading to acceleration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Restoring the capacity of the liver to manage excess energy burden improves peripheral insulin sensitivity, even in the presence of high fat diet-induced obesity. We discovered that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is required for obesity-driven hepatic steatosis and our preliminary studies found that pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK2 reverses obesity-induced NAFLD and improves whole body glycemia. The aberrant metabolism of lipids by the liver resulting from high fat diet-induced obesity induces stress responses in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which perturb the delicate intrahepatic balance of calcium and fatty acid homeostasis. Our preliminary studies establish that calcium and long chain fatty acids synergistically converge to directly activate CaMKK2, suggesting a mechanism by which these signals coordinate to promote NAFLD. The overarching goal of our research is to elucidate the downstream mechanisms by which CaMKK2 activation promotes hepatic steatosis in response to overnutrition. To this end, we have identified a novel pathway whereby CaMKK2 activation signals to AMPKa?2 and Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3) to drive transcription of ER stress gene programs that promote NAFLD. These findings support the hypothesis that this signaling axis drives hepatic transcriptional reprogramming during overnutrition to stimulate NAFLD. In Aim 1, we will define the mechanisms governing transcriptional regulation of ER stress by CaMKK2/AMPKa?2/SRC-3. Aim 2 will define the role of CaMKK2 as an integrator of calcium and fatty acid signaling that promotes obesity- driven NAFLD and define its potential as a therapeutic target. Our research is expected to identify the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which the CaMKK2/AMPKa?2/SRC-3 signaling axis promotes obesity-driven NAFLD. Our observations linking CaMKK2 to aberrant Ca2+ and fatty acid signals induced by overnutrition exposes an uncharacterized pathway by which these obesity-driven signals converge to exacerbate hepatic steatosis. Experiments to determine how CaMKK2 reprograms hepatic transcriptional programs to favor steatosis is expected to define new mechanisms for therapeutic intervention of obesity- driven hepatic pathologies. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM are chronic health problems driven by rampant obesity in the United States. Discovery of innovative mechanisms to overcome hepatic steatosis and restore liver metabolic capacity that improves insulin sensitivity represent new paradigms for clinical management of obesity-related diseases.
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