Neuroprotection in the aging female brain
Texas A&M University Health Science Ctr, College Station TX
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Abstract
Project Summary In women, menopause significantly increases the risk for stroke and heart disease. Using acyclic middle-aged female rats to model the estrogen-deficient postmenopausal state, we found that ischemic stroke produced larger brain infarcts in this population as compared to normally cycling adult females. Furthermore, while estrogen treatment is protective to young females, hormone treatment paradoxically increased tissue damage in older acyclic females. These data are congruent with the Women?s Health Initiative (WHI) study, where the risk for stroke was elevated in older women receiving hormone therapy, and underscores the need for novel therapeutic approaches for this group. We began to address the need for effective stroke therapies in an older female population during the previous funding period and reported that Insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1 reverses the neurotoxic effects of estrogen on stroke when given to estrogen-treated middle-aged females. Furthermore, IGF-1 also improves stroke outcomes when given to estrogen-deficient, acyclic middle-aged female rats. Extrapolated to the clinical setting, these findings raise the exciting possibility that acute, post-ischemic IGF-1 treatment could alleviate stroke-induced neuronal loss in older women who are non-users or current users of hormone therapy. To exploit the translational potential of this line of research, this renewal application will focus on a novel mechanism of action for IGF-1 and, more importantly, test the ability of this hormone and microRNAs that regulate IGF-1 pathways to improve both short- and long-term stroke outcomes. In this proposal, we will use novel experimental approaches to test the hypothesis that IGF-1 treatment after stroke reduces ischemia-induced hyper-permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) by stabilizing the morphology of endothelial cells (Specific Aim 1);? that astrocyte-derived IGF-1 maintains BBB integrity after stroke (Specific Aim 2), and finally, to determine whether IGF-1-mediated neuroprotection in the acute phase of stroke preserves striatal inputs from midbrain dopaminergic neurons that mediate motor function and affective behaviors (Specific Aim 3). In the aftermath of the WHI study, there is a significant and pressing need to find new ways to protect older, post-menopausal women from disability due to ischemic stroke. Collectively these studies will identify cellular targets, such as astrocytes, that increase stroke susceptibility in aging populations, with the goal of deploying hormonal and epigenetic therapies with surgical precision. These studies are therefore expected to form the foundation for stroke therapy tailored to older women.
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