Mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated control of epidermal proliferation and differentiation
Stanford University, Stanford CA
Investigators
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Abstract
Project Summary/Abstract The long-term goal of my research is to understand the regulatory networks involved in epithelial homeostasis and skin carcinogenesis, as well as human disease more broadly. Skin carcinogenesis is caused by the malfunction of networks controlling differentiation and proliferation in skin cells. A variety of transcriptional regulators of epidermal differentiation have been described, including many factors also functional in non-skin disorders. In contrast, only a small number of non-coding RNAs have been found to be essential to epidermal proliferation or differentiation. In human skin, the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) terminal differentiation-induced non-coding RNA (TINCR) is required for proper keratinocyte differentiation, and the lncRNA anti-differentiation non-coding RNA (ANCR) is essential to repress premature differentiation in keratinocytes. Both ANCR and TINCR affect carcinogenesis. The mechanisms behind the clear phenotypic effects of these two lncRNAs, both discovered in the Khavari lab, are not understood in detail. My proposal investigates the mechanisms behind the control of epidermal differentiation and proliferation by the lncRNAs ANCR and TINCR. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that ANCR prevents ectopic differentiation by recruiting histone modifying enzymes to genomic loci by determining protein, RNA and DNA factors bound by ANCR using the methods RNA- protein microarray (RNA-PMA), RNA-interactome analysis (RIA-seq), and Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP). While this aim will test a specific hypothesis, it is also aimed provide unbiased, genome-wide data on any potential ANCR mechanism. ANCR-interacting partners will be tested for functionality in RNAi experiments. TINCR is known to bind the RNA-binding protein Staufen and to share with Staufen a subset of its target RNAs. TINCR binds target RNAs partially through Watson-Crick base- pairing. How TINCR and Staufen affect each other?s RNA interactions is unknown, and we hypothesize it represents the interesting case of a programmable lncRNA-protein complex. We will determine the effect of TINCR on Staufen-RNA interactions using an improved method of infrared crosslinking followed by immunopurification (irCLIP+), as well as the effect of Staufen on TINCR-RNA interactions using RIA- seq, and we will use our results to construct and test models of RNA target selection by a protein-lncRNA complex. Altogether, this proposal will investigate the mechanism of lncRNA-mediated control of skin cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as carcinogenesis.
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