Validating Intestinal Enteroids to Study Hirschsprung's Associated Enterocolitis
University Of Tennessee Health Sci Ctr, Memphis TN
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Abstract
Project Summary/Abstract Hirschsprung?s disease (HSCR) is a common cause of neonatal bowel obstruction that results from failed development of the distal enteric nervous system (ENS). The pathophysiology, approach to diagnosis and surgical treatment of HSCR has been well-defined over the last 60 years. However, Hirschsprung?s-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), the most serious complication of HSCR, remains a frequent cause of pre- and post- operative morbidity and mortality in HSCR patients, with poorly defined pathophysiology and unchanged treatment guidelines over multiple decades. HAEC is the presenting symptom of HSCR in 25% of infants and mortality ranges from 1-10%, with the majority of deaths occurring in newborns prior to definitive operation. Our central hypothesis is that developmental deficiency of the ENS in HSCR is accompanied by defects in intestinal homeostasis, leading to increased susceptibility to HAEC. Advances in understanding the genetics underlying HSCR have allowed development of animal models which recapitulate the human HAEC phenotype. Over the last five years, studies from our laboratory utilizing the EdnrBNCC-/- model of HSCR/HAEC have allowed us to identify defects in intestinal homeostasis that contribute to HAEC. We have identified ENS alterations in the ?normal?, ganglionated colon of EdnrBNCC-/- mice which include decreased neuronal density and a shift in neurotransmitter phenotypes, with over-representation of relaxation neurotransmitters and under-representation of contractility neurotransmitters. Additionally, we have demonstrated that EdnrBNCC-/- mice develop colonic dysbiosis prior to HAEC. Most recently, preliminary data indicate alterations in colonic epithelial tight junctions preceding the development of HAEC. Furthermore, EdnrBNCC-/- intestinal segments have increased susceptibility to invasion by pathogenic E.coli, with decreased production of innate immune defense molecules. Finally, we have identified impaired cellular immunity (B-cell populations and decreased secretory IgA) in these animals. Taken together, intestinal homeostasis in EdnrBNCC-/- mice appears to governed by a four-way interplay between the enteric nervous system, luminal microbiota, the intestinal epithelial barrier, and the mucosal immune system, all of which appear to be perturbed in the setting of altered host genetics. However, our studies to date have not allowed us to distinguish which alterations in intestinal homeostasis are causative versus associated with HAEC. Recently, intestinal enteroids have emerged as a tool to model the complexity of the intestinal epithelium in culture, avoiding confounding influence from local and system non-epithelial sources. In order to advance our understanding of the complex dynamics that contribute to HAEC, we propose to develop an experimental paradigm of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro methods that will allow combinatorial testing of the components of intestinal homeostasis. This proposal will evaluate the contributions of EdnrBNCC-/- microbiome dysbiosis and epithelial barrier dysfunction to the development of HAEC and will determine the suitability of intestinal enteroids as a novel system to study the pathogenesis of HAEC.
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