Quantitative in vivo analysis of the biodistribution and metabolism of iron oxide nanoparticle formulations tailored for translational medical imaging
University Of Washington, Seattle WA
Investigators
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with tailored properties for developing new in vivo biomedical applications. However, there are still unanswered questions regarding the incorporation of IONPs into the metabolic cycle, including the effect of modifying the size and functionalization of the nanoparticles, which is essential for specific clinical uses. The exact process of agglomeration, degradation, and absorption/clearance by the body is not completely understood, particularly how these processes are affected by physical and chemical properties of IONPs. Quantifying the biodistribution, transformation, and metabolism of IONPs is an essential step in the development of these applications for clinical use. We propose to develop a quantitative method to determine the long term in vivo fate of IONPs by combining AC susceptibility measurements with modeling of magnetic relaxation and radionuclide labeled SPECT/CT imaging. The out-of-phase AC susceptibility profile is highly dependent on the quantity, size, and degree of agglomeration of the particles, and AC susceptibility measurements can differentiate between nanoparticles, iron storage proteins (ferritin and hemosiderin), and endogenous iron. Consequently, with in vivo experiments using rodent models, this method will allow us to quantitatively determine the complete biodistribution, transformation, and particokinetics of IONPs as a function of their size and surface coating. Initial work will be on particle core diameters optimized for translational imaging in MRI (T1 contrast) and the emerging technique of Magnetic Particle Imaging. Each of these will be functionalized with either biodegradable (polysaccharides) or non- degradable (polyethelene glycol) coatings, to evaluate the effect of surface coatings on the metabolism and biological fate of nanoparticles. Select IONPs will also be radionuclide labeled for SPECT/CT imaging for quantitative comparison and evaluation, which will provide additional information about the degradation of the particles. In summary, our method will provide a precise, quantitative description of the particokinetics and ultimate fate of IONPs in vivo, a crucial step towards understanding their overall toxicity, metabolism, and long-term fate, with potential consequence in the wide range of clinical applications where IONPs are administered.
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