A Human Stem Cell-Derived Neuromuscular Junction Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
Investigators
Linked publications, trials & patents
Abstract
Project Summary: The primary goal of this proposal is to develop and apply an in vitro model of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) using motor neurons and muscle both derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The research will combine state-of-the-art stem cell biology, gene targeting, electrophysiology and genomic techniques. The main focus of the application will be in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig?s disease, which is a devastating disease of the motor nervous system with an onset often in the prime of life and an average survival of only two to three years. ALS affects about 20,000 people in the US at any time. About 10% of cases are due to dominant familial mutations and 90% are apparently sporadic. Degeneration of the NMJ is the earliest pathological feature of ALS in both humans and mouse models. Involuntary muscle contractions, known as fasciculations, are the first clinical disease symptom and reflect abnormal motor neuron electrical discharges, which originate in the distal axon and NMJ. The NMJ novel model brings to bear the advantages of human stem cell approaches, namely, to overcome limits of mouse models including artifacts that result from heterologous over-expression of human proteins in a mouse background and inability to capture complexities of diverse human genetic backgrounds in mice. Furthermore, mouse models are limited to the familial forms of the disease, while iPSC-based models have the potential to address sporadic disease, the vast majority of ALS cases. The applications of the model described in the protocol include identifying morphological and genomic phenotypes of the ALS NMJ, determining how the motor neuron and muscle each contribute to abnormal motor neuron physiology and reciprocally how abnormal motor neuron excitability affects the NMJ. These questions will be addressed across a range of familial and sporadic ALS variants. While still clearly reductionist, the model goes beyond isolated iPSC-derived motor neurons to add the disease-relevant anatomical context of the NMJ and thus give additional structural meaning to neuronal components like the initial axon segment, axon and distal motor terminals and mechanistic processes implicated in ALS such axonal transport. The human NMJ model developed in the proposed project will be useful to identify specific ALS subgroups that share common disease mechanisms and to find targets and evaluate candidate therapeutics appropriate for those individual disease subgroups. The model will also be broadly applicable to other motor neuron diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy, as well as motor neuropathies and myopathies.
View original record on NIH RePORTER →