Targeting leukemia inhibitory factor to dystrophic muscle via a macrophage-specific transgene
University Of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA
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Abstract
Project Summary Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a chronic, muscle wasting disease for which there is no cure. Strategies to reduce DMD pathology include delivery of therapeutic molecules to dystrophic muscle although that approach can be limited by undesirable off-target effects. For example, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) improves regeneration of dystrophic muscle, but systemic delivery of LIF can have negative effects on other tissues. We propose to test whether genetically-modified macrophages can be used to deliver a LIF to dystrophic muscle, specifically at sites and times when the pathology is active. This is accomplished by using the CD11b promoter in macrophages to drive the expression of a LIF transgene. Because dystrophic muscle experiences extensive infiltration by macrophages during peak pathology, expression of the transgene will be targeted to affected tissue only during active pathology. As inflammation subsides, expression of the CD11b/LIF transgene will be intrinsically downregulated. Thus, our system allows for the delivery of a therapeutic molecule in a manner that is responsive to the location, time, and magnitude of the dystrophic pathology. In our investigation, we will address the following aims: Aim 1: Test whether the suppressed expression of profibrotic genes caused by the CD11b/LIF transgene reduces muscle fibrosis and improves muscle function. We will assay for reductions of muscle fibrosis caused by expression of the CD11b/LIF transgene in macrophages, using the mdx mouse model of DMD. We will also test whether transgene expression improves respiratory function, muscle strength and longevity of mdx mice. Aim 2: Test whether CD11b/LIF expression in macrophages modifies inflammatory cell phenotype or interactions with profibrotic cells in dystrophic muscle. Because LIF has the capacity to modify the inflammatory response and tissue fibrosis, we will test whether expression of the CD11b/LIF transgene by macrophages affects macrophage phenotype in dystrophic muscle or affects the function, fate or phenotype of cells that can promote muscle fibrosis (fibro/adipogenic progenitor cells). Aim 3: Test whether CD11b/LIF transgene expression in macrophages modifies muscle progenitor cell activation or muscle growth in muscular dystrophy. Because LIF has the capacity to influence the proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells, we will test whether expression of the CD11b/LIF transgene by macrophages influences myogenesis and muscle growth in dystrophic mice. We anticipate that these findings will establish the feasibility of using macrophages as vectors to deliver therapeutic molecules to dystrophic muscle. The findings will also be relevant to other diseases in which inflammation is a prominent feature of the pathology.
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