Establishing a foundation for clinical applications of physiological quantitative fMRI
University Of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA
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Abstract
Project Summary/Abstract The overarching goals of my research are to fully characterize new functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods for quantitative physiological imaging to meet a key clinical need: the ability to quantitatively measure brain activity and changes in human brain states in both health and disease. This is particularly useful for understanding cognitive decline in a variety of disease states. Noninvasive fMRI methods have the potential to be used as clinical tools for assessing changes in human brain function, such as after a therapeutic intervention or procedure. However, the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal alone is difficult to interpret because of its complexity. Quantitative fMRI methods that measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolism of oxygen (CMRO2) in both the baseline state and in response to a stimulus could potentially provide a powerful approach to overcoming the limitations of conventional BOLD: the change in CMRO2 can be taken as a metric of the change in neural activity (the energy cost of that activity);? the ratio n of fractional changes in CBF and CMRO2 can be taken as an index of neurovascular coupling;? and baseline CBF and CMRO2 provide a characterization of the baseline state. This proposal seeks to utilize an alternative approach to measuring the above metrics noninvasively, thus establishing a foundation for clinical applications of these tools by testing their ability to reliably characterize CBF and CMRO2 for the baseline state and changes associated with cognitive tasks. Aim 1 will extend the application of this new suite of tools to sub- cortical areas of the brain (basal ganglia) while forming a bridge between cognitive investigations and previous studies in the visual cortex. Results from the work will determine reproducibility and population variability of the metrics measured with the quantitative tools. Aim 2 focuses on a highly cognitively relevant region, the hippocampus, that is previously untested and much more complex. Using these tools to properly characterize hippocampal activity will pave the way for future studies looking at memory dysfunction in a disease state. This proposal lays a foundation for clinical applications by testing the ability of the new methods to characterize cognitive brain function in a group of healthy human subjects, so that the techniques can subsequently be used to inform treatment and disease progression in the individual patient.
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