The Ionic Basis of Spatial Codes in Medial Entorhinal Cortex

Stanford University, Stanford CA

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Abstract

? DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Throughout the nervous system, neural inputs and outputs are shaped, tuned and integrated by highly diversified sets of ion channels. Remarkably, how ion channels compose the algorithms of neural codes and how these codes translate into behavior remain central mysteries of neural processing. Here, we aim to determine how ion channels control the neural representation of external space, a representation essential to spatial memory and navigation, and impacted by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and depression. The neural basis for the representation of space depends, in part, on neural circuits in the medial entorhinal cortex, which translate the external environment into an internal map of space. Medial entorhinal grid cells provide the neural metric of this map, encoding distance traveled as a periodic pattern of firing activity that tiles the entire environment. My previous work explicitly demonstrated that spatially selective medial entorhinal neurons use ion channel kinetics for spatial scaling, giving my lab unprecedented access to a system ideal for studying the connections between ion channel substrates, coding and behavior. Here, we propose to combine in vivo electrophysiology with region specific gene manipulations to delete the set of ion channels that, when lost, modify medial entorhinal grid cell spatial representations. Our data is interpreted in the context of multiple computational models, which use different single-cell properties to generate grid coding properties. Subsequent behavioral paradigms will test the effects ion channel manipulations have on spatial memory and navigation. These studies will provide important insights into the molecular underpinnings of neural codes and computations in a high-order cortical region and elucidate how these computational codes impact the cognitive processes of spatial memory and self-localization.