Characterization and Validation of Mouse VPS35 Model of Parkinson's Disease
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Autosomal dominant mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) have been identified as a causal PD gene, playing a role in the development of late-onset PD. VPS35 functions as a scaffolding protein for retromer complex that mediates recycling of cargo proteins (transmembrane proteins) from endosomes to the trans- Golgi apparatus or the plasma membrane. Therefore, mutations in VPS35 could prevent or limit its delivery of the cargoes, which are crucial for the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Hence, a disruption in the recycling pathway of these cargoes may play a crucial role in the demise of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of patients with VPS35 mutations. A greater understanding of biology of VPS35 and the pathophysiology of mutant VPS35 are essential to the development of therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing the onset and/or retarding progression of PD. Nonetheless, the functional consequences of the VPS35 genetic variations in PD have not yet been discovered. To better understand the pathogenic involvement of VPS35 mutations in vivo, we generated a tetracycline conditional human VPS35 transgenic (Tg) mouse where expression of mutant human D620N VSP35 or wild-type (WT) human VPS35 proteins is achieved in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, under the control of the dopamine pathway-specific tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-tTA driver. Utilizing this mouse model, in aim 1, we will study neurochemical, neuroanatomical and behavioral changes using high-performance liquid chromatography, unbiased stereological techniques, and behavioral testing in these mice as they age. In particular, we will explore whether the overexpression of mutant D620N VPS35 in dopaminergic (DA) neurons may induce loss of dopaminergic neurons during aging. Importantly, our preliminary study indicates that there are robust and progressive degeneration in the substantia nigra of the TH-tTA/TetP-D620N VPS35 mice. In addition, there is an intriguing but poor understanding of the pathogenic interplay between the VPS35 mutation and mitochondria dysfunction in PD. Our preliminary result indicates that VPS35 interacts with Keap1 and the interaction between Keap1 and D620N VPS35 leads to accumulation of Keap1, a key regulator of Nrf2, and a concomitant decrease in protein levels and activity of Nrf2, a master regulator of oxidative stress. In addition, the dysregulation of Keap1/Nrf2 levels mediate D620N VPS35- induced DA neuronal toxicity and mitochondria dysfunction in human DA neurons. In aim 2, we will characterize a potential defect in mitochondrial quality control in the D620N VPS35 Tg mice representing degeneration of DA neurons and the role of the deregulation of Keap1/Nrf2 levels in regulating these defects. Moreover, we will determine whether suppression of Keap1 accumulation rescues the loss of DA neurons and mitochondria dysfunctions in D620N VPS35 Tg mice. This proposal may provide a new or valuable genetic mouse model for PD with dopaminergic neurodegeneration and a new insight of VPS35 retromer function in loss of dopaminergic neurons and mitochondria dysfunction.
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