Internal Tissue Mechanics and the Sense of Touch in C. elegans
Stanford University, Stanford CA
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Abstract
Project Summary/Abstract The sense of touch is an important part of the way we interact with each other and the world. Despite this importance, we do not have a detailed understanding of how the sense of touch works. This is problematic when disease, medical treatment, and/or age degrades the ability to detect touch. In order to develop treatments for touch disorders, we need to improve our knowledge of the underlying processes of touch sensation. One of these key processes is transmission of touch stimuli from the surface of the skin to the neurons that are activated by mechanical stretching. The goal of this proposal is to understand how the tissues and structures between the outside of the skin and the touch neurons alter the neurons? ability to sense touch. To avoid the morphological variation and complexity present in humans and other mammals, we study the roundworm C?. elegans?. These worms have deterministic development, and we have many genetic techniques available to perform experiments, enabling an array of experiments not possible with other animals. Our collaborative research effort between engineers and biologists has developed microscale force sensors for applying controlled forces to worms for the purpose of studying the sense of touch. We have found that the touch neurons in worms share some characteristics with the Pacinian corpuscles found in mammalian skin. In this work, I will use our custom instruments to study how the mechanical properties of the worm?s skin affect these shared characteristics. Furthermore, I will deploy our tools to improve our understanding of the structural proteins that are responsible for transmitting mechanical stimuli to touch neurons in the worm. The longterm goal of this research effort is to elucidate the shared pathways that enable touch sensation in both ?C. elegans? and mammals. This work will contribute to this goal by showing how the tissue surrounding touch neurons alters the forces that reach the neuron. By understanding each part of the process of touch sensation in ?C. elegans?, we will improve our ability to study and understand touch sensation in mammals.
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