A Strategy to Improve Success of Treatment Discontinuation in Buprenorphine Responders
New York State Psychiatric Institute Dba Research Foundation For Mental Hygiene, Inc, New York NY
Investigators
Abstract
The number of individuals with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) continues to rise with more than 2.5 million affected, along with substantial morbidity and mortality. Several effective medications are available to treat OUD with buprenorphine becoming the primary medication used in the community. Buprenorphine is effective for approximately 50-70% of patients and better results are achieved with the longer duration of treatment. However, the prospect of long-term opioid maintenance is not acceptable to some patients and they eventually request to stop treatment or discontinue it on their own. As many patients who had good treatment response desire to discontinue the medication there is a need to collect evidence about the best strategy to accomplish that. Opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone is approved for relapse prevention following detoxification off opioids. Naltrexone can be started as a first-line treatment following discontinuation off illicit opioids and it may also be used as an adjunct for patients who wish to discontinue buprenorphine maintenance and would like to be protected from relapse. We propose an open-label randomized outpatient trial to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of rapid BUP discontinuation followed by brief course of treatment with long-acting naltrexone (XR- NTX) and to compare it to the standard method of gradual BUP taper. Individuals with OUD (N=55) who have successfully completed at least 6 months of buprenorphine treatment and do not wish to remain in a long-term buprenorphine maintenance program will be recruited. The first phase includes a 4-week period of stabilization on buprenorphine 4-8 mg at the research clinic to assure that patients are stable, compliant, and free from illicit opioids. Participants that meet the above criteria will be randomized 1:1 to: 1) buprenorphine discontinuation and outpatient transition to XR-NTX with 3 monthly injections, or 2) buprenorphine discontinuation using a gradual, 5-week long taper. In both groups participants will receive weekly relapse prevention therapy and will be monitored for the duration of the trial, which is 25 weeks post randomization. The primary outcome will be the percent of patients successfully transitioned off buprenorphine and abstinent from any opioids at the 25-week trial endpoint. Secondary outcomes will include measures of opioid withdrawal, mood, anxiety and sleep problems, abstinence from other substances, time to relapse or dropout, and adverse effects. We hypothesize that more patients will successfully discontinue buprenorphine in the group that received XR-NTX. This proposed exploratory trial will be able to inform the design of future research and clinical work. A positive signal that transition from maintenance buprenorphine to XR-NTX is feasible and prevents relapse would encourage a larger trial to replicate and perhaps extend to multiple community based treatment settings. A feasible, well-tolerated, and effective method of helping patients wishing to discontinue treatment with BUP has the potential to expand the population of opioid-dependent individuals benefitting from treatment.
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