Type 3 Adenylyl Cyclase in Neuronal Primary Cilia and its Roles in Brain Aging
University Of New Hampshire, Durham NH
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Abstract
Project Summary This proposal is a four-year plan for a Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01), the goal of which is to facilitate the career transition of Xuanmao (Mao) Chen from a junior investigator into full research independence. This K01 award consists of a program designed to support his career development during this critical period by providing training in neurobiology of aging, proteomics and Illumina sequencing while enhancing his expertise in the field of primary cilia. The primary mentor will be Rick Cote, who is a well- established scientist studying phosphodiesterase in specialized cilia of photoreceptors. Chen will also be co- mentored by Daniel Storm, who is a well-known expert in the field of adenylyl cyclase and cognition;? George Martin, who is a prominent scientist in Alzheimer?s disease;? and David Clapham, who is an outstanding expert of primary cilia. The training plan includes structured mentorship with an advisory committee, a grant writing program, teaching workshops, participation in research seminars and training courses, and one-on-one mentorship for teaching and research. The research plan will study the role of cAMP signaling in primary cilia in hippocampal adult neurogenesis and brain aging. Primary cilia play a critical role in development and tissue regeneration, but little is known about their contributions to brain aging. Genetic evidence from human patients supports the association between defects in primary cilia and cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Chen will focus his study on type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3), a major adenylyl cyclase critical for cAMP signaling in neuronal cilia. Previously, Chen found that AC3 conventional knockout mice exhibit age-related pleiotropic phenotypes including neuronal atrophy, synaptic dysfunction, olfactory deficit, memory deficits and alteration of sleep architecture. Chen, in collaboration with Richard Palmiter, has recently generated an AC3 floxed mouse strain that will be used to ablate AC3 in a tissue- and time-dependent manner. Chen hypothesizes that cAMP signaling in the primary cilia of central neurons is similar to that in olfactory sensory cilia, and that perturbations in cAMP signaling in neuronal primary cilia influence adult neurogenesis and brain aging. He will first develop methods to manipulate cAMP generation in primary cilia to facilitate the study of cAMP signaling in primary cilia, and then identify molecular components that mediate the cAMP signal transduction pathway in neuronal primary cilia. He will further determine the role of AC3 in neuronal primary cilia in hippocampal adult neurogenesis and examine if loss of AC3 in adult-born hippocampal neurons leads to cognitive deficits. Alternatively, he will examine the potential role of AC3 in stress hormone regulation and examine if there are age-associated structural changes with neuronal primary cilia. Together, completion of this work will provide foundation for Chen to develop a strong research program to reveal the function of ciliary cAMP signaling and study the contributions of impaired cAMP signaling in neuronal primary cilia to brain aging.
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