Engineering Temperate Bacteriophages for Induced Secretion of Proteins and Peptides by Oral Streptococcus Mitis
Univ Of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Commensal bacterial populations in the oral cavity not only play a pivotal role in the maintenance of healthy oral mucosa, but also makes for attractive targets for induced secretion of therapeutic molecules, such as peptide/protein therapeutics or immunogens for oral vaccines. Studies have shown that genetically engineered commensals inoculated in germfree animals can produce therapeutically relevant proteins, such as immunogens that elicit mucosal antibody production. However, clinical translation of these these livebacterial therapies faces many hurdles, including (i) difficulty in displacing existing commensal populations with the engineered variants, (ii) safety concerns with the engineered variants, and (iii) characterization, storage and handling of live bacteria. With the exception of fecal transplants in patients who have received extensive antibiotics therapy, no live bacteria are currently used as a therapy in clinical setting. In this proposal, I seek to develop an alternative strategy that allows direct modification of existing commensal populations. Specifically, I will engineer bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, to genetically modify commensal bacterial populations at mucosal surfaces ?in situ?. Bacteriophages present no human toxicity or pathogenicity, and are efficient transduction vectors with high specificity. However, to date, virtually all bacteriophage development focuses on using ?lytic phages? to kill specific pathogenic bacteria (i.e. bacteriophages as a new class of antimicrobial), and little work has been done on engineering temperate ? ?phages to modify the protein expression and secretion profiles of commensal bacteria. The primary research goal of this F32 training grant is to demonstrate the proof of concept that engineered phages can mediate efficient transfer of genetic material to commensal bacteria. In Aim 1, I will isolate three temperate bacteriophage from different S? treptococcus Mitis? strains, introduce a reporter gene (TagRFP) into its genome, and assess their potency in transducing S? . Mitis? isolated from human saliva via flow cytometry. Aim 2 extends this method to the display and secretion of model therapeutic molecules. Using the most potent bacteriophage vector, I will incorporate model proteins linked to bacterial secretion/display tags, and measure the extent that these proteins will be secreted by or displayed on the same human derived ?S. mitis?. In Aim 3, using gnotobiotic mice inoculated with human S? . mitis?, I will quantify the amount of secreted protein in the oral and gastrointestinal mucosa induced by engineered phage particles, as well as antibody response to proteins presented on the surface of transduced ?S. mitis?. The results will provide important insights into the potential use of temperate phages to modify commensal populations for delivery of specific protein therapies and immunogens.
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