Neural Correlates of Fear Over-Generalization in Youth with Pathological Anxiety
New York State Psychiatric Institute Dba Research Foundation For Mental Hygiene, Inc, New York NY
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY Anxiety disorders, as a group, are the most common mental illnesses in the US, affecting about 25% of ado- lescents and 18% of adults. Symptoms typically begin in childhood or adolescence. A crucial gap in studies of anxiety is the lack of empirical data linking pediatric anxiety to abnormal brain development. This four-year K01 application presents a program for research and training that will support the applicant on a path towards becoming an NIH-funded independent investigator, focused on studying the neural correlates of fear generali- zation in youth with pathological anxiety using interdisciplinary approaches (affective neuroscience, multimodal neuroimaging, and computational methods). The training plan builds on the candidate?s previous training and experience, and capitalizes on a mentorship team and a research environment to foster development of the candidate?s expertise in (1) the phenomenology of anxiety disorders;? (2) patient-oriented, translational and developmental neuroscience of anxiety;? (3) advanced computational neuroimaging;? and (4) responsible and ethical conduct in scientific research in vulnerable individuals. The research project will investigate fear gener- alization behavior and its relationship with vmPFC (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) function and corticolimbic connectivity in healthy youth (Aim #1), and investigate fear over-generalization behavior and its relationship with vmPFC function and corticolimbic connectivity in youth with pathological anxiety (Aim #2). We hypothesize that childhood anxiety involves fear over-generalization and that fear over-generalization involves abnormal function and connectivity of the corticolimbic system. To test these hypotheses, we will use a fear generaliza- tion fMRI task and multimodal MRI (structural, diffusion, and functional MRI) in healthy youth without anxiety (n= 25) as well as in youth with pathological anxiety across a spectrum of severity (i.e., those with subthreshold anxiety [n=25] and those with any DSM-5 anxiety disorder [n=25]). Successful completion of this study will provide cross-sectional evidence of the association of pediatric anxiety with fear generalization behavior, vmPFC function, and corticolimbic system connectivity. The multiple units of analysis will help elucidate brain- behavior relationships underlying fear generalization. These data along with the research expertise developed through this K01 award will support a future R01 application to track over time the developmental trajectories of fear generalization and pathological anxiety in youth. The ultimate goal of this line of research is to develop neurobehavioral markers to determine when and where to intervene in anxiety disorders (NIMH Strategic Objective 2) and to promote preventive therapeutic interventions to youth with pathological anxiety (NIMH Strategic Objective 3).
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