Technology for Synthesis of Chemically Diverse RNAs
Biolytic Lab Performance, Inc., Fremont CA
Investigators
Abstract
Summary RNA synthesis technologies have become critical in basic biomedical research, and in development of RNA?based sensors, diagnostics and therapeutics1?6. Currently, RNAs are synthesized by either solid?phase phosphoramidite chemistry7,8, or by transcription in solution with phage?encoded RNA polymerases10. The structural diversity of chemically synthesized RNAs is limited by the availability of the phosphoramidites and the compatibility of reaction chemistry with different nucleotide modifications, but the more important limitation of chemical synthesis is that RNAs longer than a few tens of nucleotides cannot be made with acceptable yields11. Enzymatic methods allow synthesis of much longer RNAs12, and by using specially engineered RNAPs13?18, even allow synthesis of RNAs with non?canonical chemistry to enhance functionality or RNAse resistance19,20, but a limitation of enzymatic synthesis is that the chemical composition of an RNA is homogeneously determined by the mix of NTPs in the reaction (i.e., different segments of one RNA cannot have different chemistry). We recently published a proof?of?principle study for a new RNA synthesis technology??PLOR (for positional labeling of RNA)??that combines solid?phase and enzymatic synthesis to allow preparation of indefinitely long RNAs in which multiple specific segments or nucleotides can be specifically labeled with distinct chemistry21. This technology represents a quantum leap in our ability to characterize RNA structure and mechanism, to prepare RNA aptamers or interfering RNAs specifically derivatized to optimize their delivery, stability or effectiveness in vivo, and also presents potential advantages in efficiency that may supersede current synthesis methods even for conventional (single chemistry) RNAs. The proposed work will optimize the efficiency and economics of this novel technology, expand its utility for synthesis of RNAs with non?canonical nucleotide chemistries, and, in general, make possible the routine and economically efficient preparation of a new generation of mosaic, chemically diverse RNA molecules with applications ranging from fundamental biomedical research to clinical therapeutics. 1
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