Equilibrium sub-cooling for non-frozen banking of human livers
Sylvatica Biotech, Inc., North Charleston SC
Investigators
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY: Hypothermia, the only current clinical option for organ storage, allows storage times measured in only hours during which the organ deteriorates. This is the main reason why high percentages of organs from suitable donors are not being utilized and the majority of donated organs are discarded. It also explains why almost all organs are not optimally donor-recipient matched, contributing to 50% of organs being rejected within 10 years and life-long immunosuppression. We recently demonstrated that reducing storage temperatures while avoiding freezing with supercooling can extend storage times without the added tissue injury from cryopreservation or deleterious phase changes, with successful transplants in rats after up to 4 days preservation. While groundbreaking experimentally, this is still insufficient in terms of global organ matching or time to induce immune tolerance by mixed chimerism, which we estimate will require 1 week preservation - our overall ultimate objective. Moreover, supercooling is a non-equilibrium state with the inherent risk of ice nucleation and freezing at subzero temperatures. The innovation we propose here is to use established physical principles to enable equilibrium sub-cooling that is stable at subzero temperatures irrespective of sample volume or time of storage. We propose to develop a non-toxic solution to bank whole human organs that can enable global organ matching, increase the use of marginal donor organs, and revolutionize organ transplantation. Our approach will develop a nature-inspired cocktail that enables stable human organ subzero nonfreezing storage (in the range of -5 to -20 °C). Such strategies are used in nature to survive weeks at temperatures as low as -14°C in a state of ?suspended animation,? with the whole animal, including every single organ, being ?banked? without injury. Further, we recently demonstrated that a combination of machine perfusion and subzero nonfreezing storage at -6°C tripled viable preservation times of banked whole rat livers for transplantation with 100% survival. Based on this preliminary work we conceived a two-pronged approach in which our first generation supercooling protocol is augmented with cryostasis protocols designed using new equilibrium calorimetry data for a range of novel cryostasis cocktails to remain unfrozen at high subzero temperatures. This is achieved by restricting cooling to temperatures above the equilibrium melting curve defined in a phase diagram. These new solutions and protocols will then be evaluated using human cell models before assessing this combined approach in rat studies and testing with transplants. Finally we will preserve whole human livers in a SZNF state as proof of concept. Our milestone in this R21 study is demonstration of this augmented protocol in human livers at 3 days, which would represent a >5-10 fold increase over current clinical practice. In follow-up studies we will extend this limit to 1 week and test with porcine survival transplants.
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