Visual Inputs in Mosquito Behaviors
University Of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN
Investigators
Linked publications, trials & patents
Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY A major goal of mosquito research is improved methodologies for control of the diseases transmitted by these insects. The mosquito?s sensory systems provide all the information for identifying human hosts, choosing sites for egg laying, and all the other behaviors used by this organism. This project focuses on the mosquito?s visual capabilities. The R1-6 cells are the major class of photoreceptors of the adult mosquito. These cells provide the sensory capability needed for the formation of visual images required for navigation and object recognition. The R1-6 photoreceptors of Aedes mosquitoes also possess a specialized feature in which the light sensor of these cells, the Aaop1 rhodopsin, is actively removed from the photoreceptive membranes in daylight and returned to these membranes at night. We seek to understand the role of the R1-6 photoreceptors and the specialized rhodopsin trafficking capability of these cells. Innovative gene-editing capabilities provided by site-specific CRISPR endonucleases will facilitate the creation of an Aedes Aaop1 mutant. The R1-6 photoreceptors will not be capable of light detection in this Aaop1 mutant. Histological analysis will document the importance of Aaop1 in triggering the day-night cycles of remodeling. We will also evaluate the importance of these R1-6 cells in mosquito vision by characterizing the optomotor response of the Aaop1 mutant. The optomotor response is indicative of the mosquito?s capability to respond to information existing within a visual field. Both light intensity and physical characteristics of objects in the visual field will be varied to generate a detailed understanding of the Aaop1 mutant?s visual deficits. Results in the Drosophila system show that arrestins are adapter proteins that bind to light-activated rhodopsin to build the protein complex responsible for light-triggered rhodopsin movement. There are two arrestin genes expressed in Aedes photoreceptors. We will use gene editing to create mutations in both of these genes. Characterization of these two arrestin mutants will determine their specialized roles in Aedes photoreceptors. The effort will test the hypothesis that inability to remove rhodopsin from the photosensitive membranes during the daylight hours results in retinal degeneration. We will use visual response behaviors to determine how quickly the arrestin mutants and associated retinal degenerative processes compromise the mosquito?s visual capabilities. In summary, this project is an innovative approach to characterize mosquito vision and the importance of specialized features of mosquito photoreceptors. Our work will create the first vision-defective mosquito mutants. These mutants provide a unique resource to evaluate the role of vision in host recognition and other complex mosquito behaviors.
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