Hijacking of cellular pathways by novel tick-borne phlebovirus

University Of Texas Med Br Galveston, Galveston TX

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Abstract

? DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The novel bunyavirus Severe Fever Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTSV) was recently isolated from patients presenting with fever, thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic manifestations. An initial case fatality rate of 12-30% has been reported and evidence of person-to-person transmission has also been recently documented. The exact mechanism by which this virus causes disease is still unknown. The possibility of person-to-person transmission, the high fatality rate associated with infection and the recent emergence of Heartland virus, a close relative of SFTSV, highlights the need to increase our knowledge on how these new pathogens cause diseases. Furthermore, it also underscores the need to develop therapeutic interventions against these emerging pathogens. We have determined that the SFTSV nonstructural NSs protein is a potent inhibitor of host interferon (IFN) responses. Astonishingly, we found that the SFTSV nonstructural NSs protein interacts with and relocalizes RIG-I, TRIM25 and TBK1, key components of the Type I IFN response pathway, into NSs-induced cytoplasmic structures in a process that involves ubiquitin and the early endosome pathway. Thus, the goal of this project is to provide a detailed understanding of how these cellular processes are targeted by SFTSV to counteract host innate immune responses and establish infection. Completion of this study will describe a novel immune evasion strategy for subversion of host innate immunity by SFTSV that is distinct from the current paradigm for bunyaviruses. We expect the fundamental information generated in this project will advance the field by defining a novel immune evasion strategy for subversion of host innate immune responses and very likely provide new targets for therapeutic interventions and vaccine development against SFTSV and other related pathogenic RNA viruses.