Non-invasive detection of heart transplant rejection with MRI

Northwestern University At Chicago, Evanston IL

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Abstract

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): More than 2100 heart transplants are performed per year in the United States alone, and for patients receiving a heart transplant, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of death. There is currently no non-invasive means to detect CAV at is earliest, most treatable stage. CAV is a unique disease that is characterized by diffuse concentric stenosis first of the microvasculature and then the coronary arteries that can lead to ischemia and small stellate infarcts. Because heart transplant patients lack innervation of the heart, they do not experience the chest pain usually associated with infarct allowing CAV to progress un- noticed. For this reason, screening diagnostic measures are particularly important in heart transplant patients. Currently, CAV is detected in its advanced stages with Xray-angiography or Intravasular Ultrasound (IVUS), but these are invasive procedures, and because they assess the coronary arteries instead of the microvasculature, CAV can often go undetected. We propose the development of two new MRI tools to assess changes in myocardial function that reflect early onset CAV: quantitative perfusion and quantitative blood volume. In the proposed work, we will develop these new sequences in healthy volunteers, validate them, and then apply them to the intended population of transplant recipients.