Procollagen Binding Proteins in Age-Dependent LV Remodeling

Ralph H Johnson Va Medical Center, Charleston SC

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Abstract

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Left ventricular (LV) structural remodeling, such as changes in LV mass, volume, and geometry, are important predictors of adverse functional and clinical outcomes. Advancing age, independent of concurrent cardiovascular disease, can be associated with significant LV remodeling. Studies in aged animals have shown that increasing age is associated with development of LV concentric remodeling, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrillar collagen content, and significant abnormalities in diastolic function. However, cellular mechanisms by which advanced age leads to cardiac remodeling, particularly a net increase in myocardial collagen content and the development of diastolic dysfunction, have not been completely defined. Regulation of the structure and composition of the collagenous ECM of the myocardium is controlled by cardiac fibroblasts and is regulated at the levels of procollagen synthesis, post-synthetic procollagen processing, and collagen degradation. In aged animals, collagen synthesis is decreased, procollagen processing is increased, and mediators of collagen degradation are generally decreased. In addition, aged fibroblasts demonstrate reduced rates of proliferation consistent with a senescent fibroblast phenotype. In the previous funding period, we identified that expression of SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine/osteonectin/BM40), a collagen-binding matricellular protein, was increased in aged myocardium and is a critical factor contributing to elevated collagen content in aged hearts. We also found that SPARC acts to decrease procollagen interaction with cardiac fibroblasts, presumably through decreased engagement of transmembrane collagen receptors. Based on preliminary data, we have identified Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) as a principle collagen receptor engaged in binding collagen and acting in opposition to SPARC. Because DDR2 and SPARC share the same binding site on procollagen, we propose that, in aged myocardium, increases in SPARC expression reduce DDR2 binding to procollagen thus limiting DDR2 binding activity and down-stream signaling pathways. Procollagen binding to DDR2 has been demonstrated to induce fibroblast proliferation and increase production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -2 and -13. Decreased DDR2 activity in aged myocardium is therefore predicted to decrease fibroblast proliferation and production of MMP-2 and -13 thus contributing to the senescent phenotype indicative of aged cardiac fibroblasts. In Aim 1, we will determine whether reductions in DDR2 activity contribute to decreased proliferation and decreased expression of MMP-2 and 13 in aged fibroblasts and whether DDR2 activity is enhanced by decreasing SPARC expression in aged cells. Experiments in Aim 2 will test whether increasing DDR2 activity in aged myocardium, either through over-expression of DDR2 or inhibition of SPARC expression, reverses the senescent fibroblast phenotype in vivo through increasing fibroblast proliferation and production of MMP-2 and 13. Previous studies that have addressed indices of procollagen processing and degradation in aged myocardium have been based primarily on indirect measurements of these processes such as levels of enzymes that process or degrade collagen. In Aim 3, newly developed in vivo radiolabeling techniques will be used to directly quantify changes in procollagen processing and degradation in aged myocardium and determine whether altering DDR2 or SPARC activity influences these processes.