Genetic Recombination of c. Elegans

Stanford University, Stanford CA

Investigators

Linked publications, trials & patents

Abstract

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our long term goal is to understand how genetic recombination contributes to the faithful inheritance of chromosomes. Genetic recombination is of central importance to sexually reproducing organisms, since crossover recombination events between the DNA molecules of homologous chromosomes, and the resulting chiasmata, are necessary for proper chromosome segregation at the meiosis I division. Failure to form crossovers leads to chromosome missegregation and consequent aneuploidy, one of the leading causes of miscarriages and birth defects in humans. Meiotic crossing over is accomplished by deliberate induction of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), followed by repair of these breaks using meiosis-specific modifications of DSBR pathways in the context of meiosis-specific chromosome architecture. This process is subject to multiple levels of regulation to ensure that DSBs are formed and repaired in an appropriate temporal context, both to avoid posing a threat to genome integrity and to guarantee that each chromosome pair will undergo the obligate crossover required to promote homolog segregation. We are investigating the mechanisms that promote and limit the formation of interhomolog crossovers (COs) and that regulate DSB formation in the nematode C. elegans, a simple metazoan organism that is especially amenable to combining sophisticated cytological and genetic approaches in a single experimental system, and in which robust crossover control mechanisms are known to operate. The proposed work will exploit recent advances that provide the means to visualize the sites of nascent meiotic CO events in both live and fixed germ cells using GFP:COSA-1, to screen directly for mutants with impaired CO interference, to experimentally induce recombination events at defined sites and/or defined time frames, to target recombination proteins to defined sites, and to capture DNA associated with CO sites. One major goal is to identify factors and mechanisms that contribute to CO interference, and to understand the interplay between mechanisms that antagonize CO formation and mechanisms that promote CO designation and progressive differentiation of CO sites. A related goal is to uncover features that may bias the outcome of CO/NCO designation. Another goal is to understand the basis of dynamic regulation of repair partner utilization during meiotic progression. Finally, we will analyze the architecture of the meiotic DSB regulation network to understand how DSB formation is modulated to maintain a balance between the beneficial effects of COs and the potential harmful consequences of the process by which they are generated. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative: The proposed research will increase our understanding of the basic mechanisms that promote and ensure the faithful inheritance of chromosomes. The work is highly relevant to human health, as errors in chromosome inheritance are one of the leading causes of miscarriages and birth defects and are also a major factor contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Several components of the plan focus on how DNA damage is recognized and repaired efficiently, which is important for maintaining intact chromosomes and inhibiting cancer progression.