Documenting and Promoting Resilience in Urban American Indians
$208,095P20FY2012MDNIH
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff AZ
Investigators
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY (See instructions): To American Indians, resilience as a response to trauma is not new. They have survived forced removal from homelands, genocide, the imposition of a reservation system, mandated boarding schools, forced adoption programs, and discriminatory practices against their cultural traditions, religions, and languages. Such prolonged exposure to negative factors has resulted in a long-term cycle of historical trauma. Brave Heart (1999) describes historical trauma response as
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